Identifying contemporary and historic sources of soil polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in an industrial urban setting

A study of soil polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) concentrations was undertaken in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Newcastle upon Tyne as a result of concerns raised by local residents about potential contamination from fugitive and stack emissions. The study area was divided into four sectors (north-east (NE), south-east (SE), north-west (NW) and south-west (SW)) around the MSWI, and sampling sites were located up to a distance of 2.25 km. Based on air dispersion modelling, the sampling density was four times greater in the NE (downwind) sector compared to the SW (upwind) direction, and twice as great in the NW and SE sectors. PCDD/F concentrations found in soil samples ranged from 6 to 1911 ng I-TEQ/kg DW with a median of 32 ng I-TEQ/kg DW. There was no evidence of elevated concentrations downwind of the MSWI compared to other directions, nor of any trend in concentration at increasing distance from the MSWI. We concluded, therefore, that the MSWI fugitive and stack emissions were not a major source of PCDD/F contamination. Analysis of PCDD/F homologue profiles showed that samples exhibiting furan-dominated and OCDD-dominated profiles and a profile characteristic of the MSWI ash occurred in distinct clusters. Those samples showing the furan-dominated profile had the largest PCDD/F concentrations measured as I-TEQ, followed by samples with the incinerator profile, the deposition profile, and the OCDD-dominated profile. We identified some contamination hotspots located in the SW and SE sampling sectors (upwind of the MSWI), and potential sources for these hotspots were sought by using historic land use data from maps of the locality dating back to 1856. We concluded that the cluster of very high concentrations of PCDD/F in soils showing the furan homologue profile were most likely to have resulted from the disposal of graphite electrode sludges from brine electrolysis carried out at a chemical works between the 1890s and the 1930s.     

开放的社区与城市生活--宁波北岸琴森小区设计思考

该文通过介绍宁波北岸琴森小区的设计实践，对城市中心区大规模多层次的社区空间营造过程的剖析，指出城市社区应当是开放的、连续的、多样的、能够融入城市空间肌理和多层次城市生活的人性化社区。     

论以住宅楼"粉刷"为手段的旧城改造方式——以奥运伙伴城市青岛为例

住宅楼粉刷已经成为旧城改造常用的手段之一.该文以正在建设中的奥运伙伴城市--青岛为例,分析了城市中几类不同粉刷方法,指出其特点、应用范围以及注意事项,同时探讨了这种改造方式的参考价值和对城市改造的意义.     

略论城市"门景"的审美主题

分析了城市"门景"的概念,运用审美心理学剖析了对城市"门景"审美苛求的误区,论述了城市"门景"的审美主题--记忆和识别及其强化路经.     

A total environmental risk assessment model for international hub airports

This paper presents a multi-criteria decision analysis for environmental risk assessment (ERA) with regard to avoiding and eliminating damages and loss under natural disasters in international airport projects. It starts from an assumption that the strategy of eliminating damages and losses under natural disasters is related to the location selection problem, and it is necessary to use the multi-criteria decision analysis for calculated decision-making support. The paper uses the analytic network process (ANP) to demonstrate one of its utility modes in decision-making support to location selection problems, which aims at an evaluation of different projects from different locations. A set of generic criteria for risk assessment at international projects was put forward to support ANP modelling, and it was due to the consideration of social, technical, economic, environmental and political (STEEP) criteria related to the built, social and natural (BSN) trinity environment of international airport projects. At the end, an experimental case study on three international hub airports in China is given to test the ANP model called ERA.Airport, and it is concluded that ANP can be effectively used for risk assessment in the specific utility mode. The ERA.Airport is a generic multi-criteria decision-making model and can be used across the world for accurate environmental risk assessment for international airports.     

城市色彩的改善

该文阐述匡正当前城市色彩在使用上的缺点，提出改善的原则与技法，以供城市规划、设计及施工人员的参考。     

建筑学学生进行建筑设计学习的思考

在当前，如何利用较小的师生比例带出大批的优秀学生，探索一种适合建筑学教学的模式有着十分重要的意义。该文针对建筑学专业学生，尤其在二年级学生的教学中，如何进行建筑空间及序列、建筑立面、城市规划等方面的教学，教师如何平衡感性体系、理性体系教学方式以及学生科研如何落点等问题，经过几年的实践、思考和探索，取得了一些经验与大家共享。     

Reanimating a Comatose Goddess’: Reconfiguring Central Cape Town

Central Cape Town is no longer a tawdry, unsafe provincial enclave of day-time office workers, commuter shoppers and public administrators. After the decline since the 1980s due to suburban flight, a private–public partnership has improved the downtown’s state and image. Capitalising on spectacular heritage and location, property developers have been transforming work, residential and leisure spaces. Massive private investment in new and converted buildings, and in public space, is reconfiguring the old central business district (CBD) into a post-modern space of high-end production, service and consumption that is aestheticised, commoditised and historicised. Investors, young professionals, day visitors and tourists benefit more than the peripheral metropolitan majority. Despite inclusive rhetoric, the Africanisation of post-apartheid central Cape Town is less evident than its ‘glocalisation’.     

对浙江省沿海城镇规划 "高起点"问题的探讨 --以台州市路桥区为例

本文以台州市路桥区为例,探讨浙扛省沿海地区城镇规划的"高起点"问题.改革开放以来,随着乡镇工业和个私企业的迅速发展,城镇数量快速增长,规模不断扩大,规划的"高起点"成为关注的焦点,高起点的内涵不同时期各不相同:80年代,城镇规划的高起点是"变大";90年代是"既变大又变高";21世纪将是"适宜的人居环境,良好的生态保护,延承历史文脉和有山水风貌特色的城镇".     

亚特兰大塔尔普蕾斯绿地，乔治亚州，美国

介绍一例面积仅0.4hm^2的城市空间绿地的设计,如何以其植物种植设计,材料选择及喷泉布局等手法应用,成功地象征着“城市绿洲”生存于现代城市大环境之中。